使用Maps
时间:2007-05-28 yycnet.yeah.net yyc译
Map（接口） 维持“键－值”对应关系（对），以便通过一个键查找相应的值HashMap＊ 基于一个散列表实现（用它代替Hashtable）。针对“键－值”对的插入和检索，这种形式具有最稳定的性能。可通过构建器对这一性能进行调整，以便设置散列表的“能力”和“装载因子”ArrayMap 由一个ArrayList后推得到的Map。对反复的顺序提供了精确的控制。面向非常小的Map设计，特别是那些需要经常创建和删除的。对于非常小的Map，创建和反复所付出的代价要比HashMap低得多。但在Map变大以后，性能也会相应地大幅度降低TreeMap 在一个“红－黑”树的基础上实现。查看键或者“键－值”对时，它们会按固定的顺序排列（取决于Comparable或Comparator，稍后即会讲到）。TreeMap最大的好处就是我们得到的是已排好序的结果。TreeMap是含有subMap()方法的唯一一种Map，利用它可以返回树的一部分。
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Map (interface)
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Maintains key-value associations (pairs), so you can look up a value using a key.
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HashMap*
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Implementation based on a hash table. (Use this instead of Hashtable.) Provides constant-time performance for inserting and locating pairs. Performance can be adjusted via constructors that allow you to set the capacity and load factor of the hash table.
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TreeMap
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Implementation based on a red-black tree. When you view the keys or the pairs, they will be in sorted order (determined by Comparable or Comparator, discussed later). The point of a TreeMap is that you get the results in sorted order. TreeMap is the only Map with the subMap() method, which allows you to return a portion of the tree.
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下例包含了两套测试数据以及一个fill()方法，利用该方法可以用任何两维数组（由Object构成）填充任何Map。这些工具也会在其他Map例子中用到。
//: Map1.java
// Things you can do with Maps
package c08.newcollections;
import java.util.*;
public class Map1 {
public final static String[][] testData1 = {
{ "Happy", "Cheerful disposition" },
{ "Sleepy", "Prefers dark, quiet places" },
{ "Grumpy", "Needs to work on attitude" },
{ "Doc", "Fantasizes about advanced degree"},
{ "Dopey", "''A'' for effort" },
{ "Sneezy", "Struggles with allergies" },
{ "Bashful", "Needs self-esteem workshop"},
};
public final static String[][] testData2 = {
{ "Belligerent", "Disruptive influence" },
{ "Lazy", "Motivational problems" },
{ "Comatose", "Excellent behavior" }
};
public static Map fill(Map m, Object[][] o) {
for(int i = 0; i < o.length; i++)
m.put(o[i][0], o[i][1]);
return m;
}
// Producing a Set of the |
